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Arrow Physics Equations:
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Kinetic energy and momentum are fundamental physical quantities that describe an arrow's motion. Kinetic energy represents the energy due to motion, while momentum represents the quantity of motion. Both are crucial for understanding arrow performance and penetration capability.
The calculator uses the physics equations:
Where:
Explanation: Kinetic energy increases with the square of velocity, making speed more significant than mass for energy. Momentum increases linearly with both mass and velocity.
Details: Understanding kinetic energy and momentum helps archers optimize arrow selection for different purposes. Higher kinetic energy generally means better penetration, while higher momentum helps maintain trajectory and overcome resistance.
Tips: Enter arrow mass in kilograms and velocity in meters per second. For grains to kilograms conversion: 1 grain = 0.0000648 kg. For fps to m/s conversion: 1 fps = 0.3048 m/s.
Q1: Which is more important for penetration - KE or momentum?
A: Both are important, but momentum is generally considered more critical for deep penetration, especially through tough materials.
Q2: What are typical values for hunting arrows?
A: Most hunting setups produce 40-100 J of kinetic energy and 0.5-1.0 kg·m/s of momentum, depending on bow type and arrow setup.
Q3: How does arrow weight affect KE and momentum?
A: Heavier arrows increase momentum more significantly but may decrease velocity, affecting kinetic energy. Lighter arrows travel faster, increasing kinetic energy but may have less momentum.
Q4: What's the minimum KE required for hunting?
A: Recommendations vary by game, but generally 40-50 J for small game, 50-60 J for medium game, and 70+ J for large game.
Q5: How accurate are these calculations?
A: The equations are physically accurate for ideal conditions. Real-world factors like air resistance, bow efficiency, and arrow spine can affect actual performance.